Parkland Burn Formula
Calculate IV fluid resuscitation volumes for burn patients. Enter patient weight and estimated burn surface area to determine Lactated Ringer's requirements over 24 hours.
Parkland Burn Formula
First 8-hour window starts from time of burn, not time of IV access
Total 24-Hour Fluid
5,600 mL
4 x 70 kg x 20% = 5,600 mL LR
First 8 Hours
2,800 mL
350 mL/hr
Remaining 16 Hours
2,800 mL
175 mL/hr
Parkland Formula: Total fluid = 4 mL x weight (kg) x %TBSA
Fluid: Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Distribution: 50% in first 8 hours, 50% over remaining 16 hours
Fluid: Lactated Ringer's (LR)
Distribution: 50% in first 8 hours, 50% over remaining 16 hours
References:
Baxter CR, Shires T. Physiological response to crystalloid resuscitation of severe burns. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1968;150:874-894.
ATLS 10th Edition, Chapter 9: Thermal Injuries.
Clinical Pearls
- • The 8-hour clock starts from time of burn, not time of IV access
- • Use only 2nd and 3rd degree burns for TBSA calculation
- • Target urine output: 0.5-1 mL/kg/hr (adult), 1-2 mL/kg/hr (pediatric)
- • Parkland is a starting point — titrate to clinical response
- • Consider oral fluids for alert patients with smaller burns
When to Use
- • Adults: Burns ≥15% TBSA
- • Pediatrics: Burns ≥10% TBSA
- • Electrical and inhalation injuries (even with smaller TBSA)
- • Delayed resuscitation (>2 hours post-burn)
Safety Note
The Parkland formula provides an estimate for initial fluid resuscitation. Actual fluid requirements vary based on patient response. Monitor urine output, vital signs, and clinical status closely. Over-resuscitation carries significant risks including pulmonary edema and abdominal compartment syndrome. Always follow local protocols and medical direction.